Obtain photos and drawings of our construction from Armstrong-Hunt along with references on successes in the brewing industry Anheuser-Busch. Avoid getting involved with Regenerators as the Kathene at high temperatures is very corrosive and requires designs of unique materials. Trapping may also be a problem on Regenerators. Kathabar Dehumidifying Systems Application: Food Processing Baking For product cooling and storage Beverage Coffee drying, freeze drying, instant tea packaging Cereals Cereal coating, cooling, packaging, storage Dairy Spray drying, cheese forming, packaging Sugar Pulverizing, conveying and bin storage Confections Candy forming, panning operations, gun coating, cooling tunnels, packaging and storage Snack Foods Same as confections Meat Cutting and slicing areas, dry sausage processing, frost-free coolers Vegetables Dryers, packaging, dehydration prevention of moisture regain.
Hospitals: To control humidity in spaces cooled by radiant ceilings. To control humidity and bacteria in critical areas. Pharmaceuticals: Provide dry air for processing hygroscopic pharmaceutical products. Hard and soft capsule forming. Drying and filling. Tablet compression. Ultra clean areas. Powder drying. Chemical: Hygroscopic powders and chemicals used in fertilizers, explosives and rocket fuel.
Electronic: Humidity control in areas manufacturing semiconductors, chips and printed circuit boards. Steel: De-humidify blast furnace air to stabilize furnace operation and improve efficiency. Glass and Plastics: Laminating glass and vinyl for windshields. Storage facilities. Dry air for grinding and conveying. Films and Emulsions: Provide conditioned air for film manufacture. Tank Vessel Heating Application: Storage Tank Heating Principle: A finned tube coil bank is inserted into a tank, vessel or large drum for the purpose of heating the contents.
Heating ensures contents will pump or mix easier. Coils can be installed on the tank bottom through manways or from the top.
They can also be bolted on to mating flanges on the sides of tanks and supported internally. Medium: Usually steam and occasionally hot oils or other thermal fluids Mobiltherm, Dowtherm, Therminol, etc. Potential Problems: Bent pipe, bare tube coils formed in spiral rings are often original equipment. Wall thinning through bending can cause erosion leaks. Poor drainage can lead to internal corrosion in tubes.
Construction: Tubes should be seamless to avoid leaks. Fins are either tension wound or welded. Materials are all stainless steel or all carbon steel. Wall thickness and fins should be thicker than normally found on most air heater applications.
Recommend: Suggest finned coils Fin Pitch fpi maximum to reduce size and overall length of bare pipe coils. Add agitators to improve heat transfer. If you have none of these industries in your area, then refer to the Secondary Markets section or seek out other in-kind replacement business on HVAC applications. Refer to the following pages for details on specific applications in each industry. Their purpose is to supply heated outside air to the building for comfort and paper drying.
Final air temperatures range to F. Steam is the primary heat transfer medium but hot water and glycol are also used. The purpose is to heat the inside of the cold roof to prevent condensation from taking place, subsequently dripping on the paper machine below. Other than their specific use, they are similar to makeup air units.
Pocket Ventilation Units: On a hooded paper machine, effective drying may not be accomplished with make-up air units alone. When this is the case as it is most of the time heated outside air is injected into the paper machine at strategic points to ensure uniform and complete drying of the paper. This is called pocket ventilation. Final air temperatures can be higher here than in other heating units so more coils may be required to do the job. Steam is still the most widely used medium for these coils but many of the newer installations are using hot water or glycol from heat recovery units.
Heat Recovery Units: The air that comes off of a paper machine is still hot and wet. More and more mills are installing heat recovery units at these exhaust points to recover much of this heat and to use it to preheat incoming air to some other part of the ventilation system or to heat glycol or water.
This results in two things, savings in energy costs and less use of steam coils. A reduction of 50 to 12 coils on an average machine is possible using this principle.
Boiler Air Preheating Power Boilers: Coils are used to preheat combustion make-up air in ducts to the boiler to a minimum level for protecting heat recovery air heaters from corrosion. Also, building air is preheated through wall heaters which allows air to be drawn over coils by negative air pressure in the boiler house. Applies to coal, oil, wood and bark boilers. Chemical Recovery Boilers: Preheated combustion air for burning black liquor that is sprayed inside furnaces Kraft Mills.
Building Space Heating: Chip storage, pulp processing, bleach plants and coal handling. Tank Heating: Storage tanks for liquors. Air is blown over and across which sometimes supports pulp sheets while drying. Flakt dryers are most common. Some dryers use bedframe type coils, some with no fins. These coils may have special oval tubes and lie flat. Newer Flakt dryers use cupro-nickel tubes and plate fins and light weight flexible casings which can be twisted to fit.
Suggest Keyfin Fin construction. Boiler Air Preheating 2. Make-up Air Heating 3. Roof Ventilation Units 4. Building Space Heating 5. Tank Heating. Accompanied by using steam drying rolls and heating hoods. Hoods can be all steam, all gas or begin with steam and finish with gas.
Films, coatings, glues, resins, sheets, wallpaper dryers, layered and laminated products. Environments are usually laden with materials which can clog coils.
Frequent cleaning is needed. Use maximum 8 FPI. Yankee dryers and hoods which direct very high temperature air to dry fine fibers products on rotating drums or rolls.
Also, oven type environments where fluffed or finishing fibers pass through a drying chamber for final finishing. Basic System: Paper machine exhaust tons of air per tons of paper, exhaust air plus. Roofline Ventilation: Reduces condensing on structure, prevents rain, adds to air balance. Economizer: Air to Air Total make-up control, tons of air per ton of paper. Under roof heating unit heaters. Hydro Electric Plants: Valve and switchgear and generator cooling systems. Rugged materials.
Heating throughout the power plants. Look for applications in coal handling areas for Heavy Duty Construction. Also turbine room heating, maintenance shops and storage areas. Office area HVAC. Locker Room Heating and Cooling. Coil Construction: Replacement coils can easily be upgraded to various dmbedded fin designs, especially copper, keyfin in stainless steel tube.
Watch for applications where Ljungstrom Air Heaters are located above the coils, resulting in acidic media washing down on coils during the cleaning processes. Use only L or L stainless steel fins and tubes. Turbine exhaust steam is often used for nearby process needs and should offer other opportunities. The production of the steam is a result of burning various products in specially designed boilers incinerators, furnaces, kilns, etc. The Cogeneration facility is not normally owned and operated by a utility but rather by a joint venture with manufacturers, municipalities and utilities.
The electricity generated is normally sold to a local utility. This helps pay for the facility. Fuel types range from tires and scrap wood to municipal solid waste MSW and inedible foodstuffs.
Almost anything that can be dried, burned and not produce noxious emissions is a target for cogeneration. Equipment: Combustion Air Preheat Coils are often found in these installations. They normally serve the purpose of drying out the fuel to be burned.
Boilers will be either traveling or reciprocating stoker type of fluidized bed designs. Unit Heaters can also be found in these facilities. Construction: For dirty, unfiltered applications such as MSW plant air preheating, steel tubes and steel fins are basic specifications. Steam is often high pressure and may be superheated. Often packaged fan coil units. Re-circulates high temperatures. Smoke filled environment through hanging or trayed meat products.
High steam pressures and air temperatures. Heavy caustic cleaning required. Names Alkar, Julienne, K. Steel on steel. Drying and processing of milk by-products. See tower and spray dryers and flash dryers under process drying. Whey processing and drying for use as feedstock supplement and food additive. Milk drying, cheese flaking, powdering. Most applications using F and higher temperatures with product in liquid form.
Freezing of milk products, ice cream, etc. Ammonia coils, hot dip galvanized, stainless steel. Starch dryers from grain processing. Large overhead plant areas needing door heaters for truck and rail car loading and handling.
Alcohol recovery and processing. Storage tank heating, edible oils, fructose recovery. Several large coils per dryer. High temperature F air. Toasting band dryers see General Application Sheet. Dryers are high pressure steam or gas. High pressure steam on unit heaters for fumigation and pest control.
Plants are evacuated and pesticides at high plant air temperature destroy pests in the plant environment. Some toasting, coating and cereal type drying. See Breakfast Foods. See General Application Sheet.
Moisture problems in pulp press areas with moderate temperature and high local humidity. Needs local Hi-bay unit heaters. Poor line heating prevents condensation. Sugar storage heating and space heating. Problems with ammonia in steam and the environment. No copper should be used, use stainless steel or steel on steel. Applications: Kathabar systems, spray dryers see General Application Sheet. Applications: Drying, toasting and desolventizing. Tank Heating oil storage. Yeast processing, spray dryers and atomizers.
Nitro-Atomizer, Damrow Bottle washers, pasteurizing. Malt growing areas dusty, powdery and moist. Unit heaters cleanable. Stainless steel heating coil and equipment.
Medium to high pressure steam on salt dryers, cleaning problems. Keyfin vs. If steam is left on during coil cleaning, aluminum fins can be used. Hardy Salt Michigan. Manufactured Ice - SIC Applications: Ammonia coils in stainless steel or hot dip galvanized in ice production refrigeration machinery. Chemicals - SIC 28 General Note: Since chemical industry plants are often like large scale chemical laboratories, many special processes may be going on in different plant areas.
You must probe into processes to find applications. Look for areas or processes involved with chemical reactions requiring hot air to initiate process catalyst.
Hot air drying of slurries, batches, pellets, powders, pills, acids, salts, chemical bases and components of finished products. Flaking, atomizing, heating and cooling of products in process. Space heating in corrosive environments and those contaminated with product dust, powder, particles and gases fumes. Chlorine areas, ammonia in process no copper.
Acidic areas, nitric, sulfuric, etc. Compressor area cooling summer. Watch for freezing problems. Space Heating: Unit heaters requiring stainless steel materials on pipe, fins and casings. Epoxy coatings, special motors e.
Compressor room heating winter. Product Cooling: Acid gas condensers. This is where process steam comes in contact with process gas. Look for blast air coolers, condensate coolers, freon condensers, heptane coolers, hydrogen coolers, hevasite coolers, molten salt coolers, methane gas coolers, solvent recovery units condensers sulphur coolers, slurry coolers and vapor condensers. Size of coolers we can handle is usually limited to under 20 feet total overall length. Tank Heating: Finished product and chemicals heating using finned coils inserted into tanks of often corrosive liquids.
Materials should be carbon steel or all stainless steel to replace internal bare coils, longitudinal fin coils Bastex, Brown Fin Tube or external embossed coils; insert through manways into tank. The following is a grouping of specific chemical industry markets where heavy duty and specialty finned tube product applications will be found.
Combustion air heaters for sulphur burners. Nitric acid production, tail gas evaporation. N2 or CO2 flash vaporizers for storage tanks and trucks, mounted on the outside of tanks to cause liquid to vaporize become gas stainless steel or all aluminum.
Tube replacements in hydrocarbon coolers. Space heating in finished product areas. No copper in ammonia atmospheres. Ammonia reformer furnace or fired heater air pre-heater coils.
Acidic and corrosive vapors nitric acid or ammonia in atmospheres in process building. Special coils and heaters. Much steel on steel and stainless steel. Vapor solvent recovery. Use the 3 year limited warranty as a sales tool for uninterrupted service in critical process areas.
Chemical storage tank heating and powder drying. Wide fin space heaters and make-up air coils. Large process building areas. For example, air houses, roof top air handlers fan-coil units , etc. Check for history of maintenance problems.
Paint Spray and Finishing Areas: Small objects will be on a conveyor system, large objects locomotives are painted and finished in large stationary booths. Typical temperatures needed F. Parts Washing: Drying Lines either belt or conveyor carries objects past a drying station.
Either room air or preheated air is no higher than F. Welding Shops and Lines: High fume and dust areas. Space heating usually has fins that would foul up.
Recommend wide fin spacing and cleanable unit heaters. Power House: Look for Boiler Coal and oil fired units requiring or missing air preheating. Suggest wall mounted air heater using negative pressure in boiler building to draw air over coils. Also, use better unit heaters. Plating Areas and Metal Treating: Corrosive fumes and chemicals.
Require make-up air and cleanable or corrosion resistant space heating. Possible tank heating applications. Dock Areas: Rail and truck, door heaters which can withstand some abuse fork lift damage. Also, high velocity units for higher mounting locations and greater heating coverage. Unit Heaters: Look for history of motor problems with special motors and frames and poor deliveries.
Armstrong uses standard motors and frames. High velocity door heaters. Paint finishing and parts washing, plating areas. Use 3-year warantee on unit heaters. No one wants drippage on their aircraft. High bay buildings with large door heater and high velocity unit heater applications. Dirty, smokey environment from welding, diesel, oils, etc. Locomotive manufacturing. See all General Applications. Electric generation and furnace cooling require water for cooling. This hot water condensate often is sub-cooled in large air cooled condenser units using multiple rows and multiple unit heater type fans.
Higher steam pressures available. Large size unit heater usage, ", " versus Wing and N. Large and high bay plant areas. Little maintenance is done on these units. Often dirty and in disrepair. Poor performing. Corrosive space heating above picking lines and in annealing areas. Solidaire dryers in iron alloy production. Hoffman metal strip dryers, keeps conveyor rolls dry and frees belts. Special cooling coil applications after annealing, coating or galvanizing.
Baghouse heating, electrical switchgear room air intake. Heavy Duty Unit Heaters for possible superheated steam and dirty operating environments. Finished product heating. Dusty, large plant areas using large space heaters. Door heaters required due to exhausting smoke and fumes. Special materials , L stainless steel.
Atmospheric contamination. Unit heater space heating is common or large air handlers are found. Low maintenance is typical.
Much gas heating is used. Look for metal dryers, plating and finishing equipment and tank cooling. Hank dryer coils, tenter frames, carpet dryers backings , wood dryers. Ventilation requirements. Lint and fiber build-up on coils. Cleanable, wide fin spacing. Mostly steam, but some hot oil now being used. Drying machines see above and unit heaters. Fiber and lint environments.
Low maintenance. Temperatures are usually quite high and environments are usually laden with fiber, wood dust, powder or wood bits. Applications: Dry Kilns: Raw lumber stud and boards are dried in the kilns giant warehouse type building where trucks or railcars of wood a charge are heated until moisture is reduced to a significant level.
Heating is done with finned coils on walls between cars and on the roof. Air is re-circulated and exhausted depending on humidity in kiln. Hardwoods give off tannic acids and require special materials or coatings. Sell finned tubes to end users. Moore, Drying Systems, Hemco. Steam and some hot oils.
Most air is re-circulated and contains fine bits of product. Boiler Air Pre-heaters: On wood, chip, bark and sawdust boilers. Look for waste heat, flash steam which can be used here. Space Heating: Chip, fiber and dust laden environment. Dust collectors cause high negative pressure.
Much air infiltration. Wood kilns and curing building. Low to medium pressure steam in wood product drying. High pressure steam and gas on enamel finishing and metal furniture drying lines. Fins clog easily. Often little maintenance. On some gas systems pre-heaters are used. Unit heaters with wide fin spacing.
Look for coal fired or sour gas high sulphur fuel burning. Coils will protect Ljungstrom air heaters and make more efficient firing. High temperature heat recovery applications on heaters using keyfin and hot oils. If plant has sulphur recovery unit then gas will be sweet low sulphur. Look for sulphur cooler applications. Conveyor belt heating where products coal, coke stick to belt unless heated. Many corrosive areas in enclosed buildings. Unit heater applications with special core materials and motors.
Tank farm storage heating Tank heaters in large storage tanks for finished goods, oil, tars, etc. Replace bare pipe bent into coils or welded fin Brown Fin or Bastex tank materials. Felt dryers. Dirty sticky environments, tough cleaning applications solvents. Product heating. This has been determined by previous sales history. Your specific market area and climate may call for more emphasis in these secondary areas. For each application, there are many different layouts, whcih are descibed in this handbook.
Download the handbook. This handbook describes hydraulic oil coolers, engine and transmission oil coolers, cogeneration systems, ORC, air dryers, circulating chillers and deionized water cooling systems. Many industrial applications operate with brazed plate heat exchangers BPHEs. I agree. Refrigeration handbook. Heating applications. Industrial handbook.
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